Regular -er Verbs in French: A Comprehensive Guide

Regular -er verbs are foundational in French grammar, forming the largest and most straightforward verb group. They are essential for beginners due to their consistent conjugation patterns, facilitating early communication. Mastering -ER verbs, such as “parler” (to speak) and “aimer” (to love), builds confidence and provides a basis for understanding more complex verb forms, making them pivotal for foundational language acquisition.

Key Takeaways

• Regular -er verbs follow a simple pattern, where you remove the “er” ending and add the right present tense ending for each subject.
• The present tense endings “e”, “es”, “e”, “ons”, “ez”, “ent” help you conjugate most common French.
• Some verbs ending in “ger” or “cer” slightly change in the “nous” form to keep correct pronunciation while French speaking.
• Common everyday verbs like “parler”, “jouer” and “aimer” become much easier to use once you understand this basic and reliable French verb pattern.

Overview of French Verb Categories 

There are three major categories of French regular verbs: -ER verbs, -IR verbs, and -RE verbs. There is a large number of regular french -ER verbs, which follow the same rules. The conjugations of regular -IR verbs are predictable; one good example would be “finir” (to finish). The endings of regular -RE verbs are also similar; a typical example is “vendre” (to sell).

Conjugation of Regular -ER Verbs 

Infinitive Form: The base form of the verb ending in -ER (e.g., “parler” – to speak).

Stem: The infinitive form without the -ER ending (e.g., for “parler,” the stem is “parl-“).

Conjugation Process in Present Tense

To conjugate regular -ER verbs in the present tense, remove the -ER ending from the infinitive to find the stem and then add the appropriate present tense endings.

Present Tense Endings for -ER Verbs:

• Je (I): -e
• Tu (You, informal singular): -es
• Il/Elle/On (He/She/One): -e
• Nous (We): -ons
• Vous (You, formal singular and plural): -ez
• Ils/Elles (They, masculine/feminine): -ent

Example Conjugations

More -ER Verb Conjugations

To conjugate the verb “penser” in the present tense, follow these steps:

Remove -ER: From the infinitive form “penser” to find the stem, which is “pens-.”

Add Present Tense Endings: Attach the appropriate present tense endings to the stem.

Conjugation Table for “Penser”

Common French Regular -ER Verbs 

1. Parler (to speak) – [par-lay]
2. Aimer (to love, to like) – [ay-may]
3. Habiter (to live) – [a-bee-tay]
4. Regarder (to watch, to look at) – [ruh-gar-day]
5. Marcher (to walk) – [mar-shay]
6. Chanter (to sing) – [shan-tay]
7. Danser (to dance) – [dan-say]
8. Étudier (to study) – [ay-tu-dee-ay]
9. Jouer (to play) – [zhoo-ay]
10. Travailler (to work) – [tra-vai-yay]
11. Écouter (to listen) – [ay-koo-tay]
12. Téléphoner (to phone, to call) – [tay-lay-fo-nay]
13. Demander (to ask) – [duh-man-day]
14. Arriver (to arrive) – [a-ree-vay]
15. Donner (to give) – [do-nay]
16. Chercher (to look for) – [share-shay]
17. Trouver (to find) – [troo-vay]
18. Visiter (to visit) – [vee-zee-tay]
19. Préparer (to prepare) – [pray-pa-ray]
20. Nager (to swim) – [na-zhay]

Conjugations of 5 – ER Verbs in the Present Tense

1. Parler (to speak)

2. Aimer (to love, to like)

3. Habiter (to live)

4. Regarder (to watch, to look at)

5. Marcher (to walk)

Understanding how to conjugate French regular “re” verbs in the present tense is essential for building your language skills effectively.

Exceptions and Irregularities 

Some -ER verbs have slight spelling changes in their conjugation to maintain pronunciation consistency. Two common exceptions are verbs ending in -ger and -cer. These changes typically occur in the “nous” form.

Verbs Ending in -GER (e.g., “manger” – to eat)

For verbs ending in -GER, an -e- is inserted before the -ons ending in the “nous” form to maintain the soft “g” sound.

Manger (to eat)

Verbs Ending in -CER (e.g., “commencer” – to begin)

For verbs ending in -CER, a ç (cedilla) is added before the -ons ending in the “nous” form to maintain the soft “c” sound.

Commencer (to begin)

Spelling-Change Verbs

Spelling-change verbs undergo slight alterations to preserve pronunciation. Below are a few common types of spelling-change verbs:

1. Verbs Ending in -YER (e.g., “envoyer” – to send)

For these verbs, the “y” changes to “i” in all forms except “nous” and “vous.”

Examples:

Essayer (to try)

• Je essaie / J’essaye (I try)
• Tu essaies / Tu essayes (You try)
• Il/Elle/On essaie / Il/Elle/On essaye (He/She/One tries)
• Nous essayons (We try)
• Vous essayez (You try)
• Ils/Elles essaient / Ils/Elles essayent (They try)

Payer (to pay)

• Je paie / Je paye (I pay)
• Tu paies / Tu payes (You pay)
• Il/Elle/On paie / Il/Elle/On paye (He/She/One pays)
• Nous payons (We pay)
• Vous payez (You pay)
• Ils/Elles paient / Ils/Elles payent (They pay)

Employer (to use)

• J’emploie (I use)
• Tu emploies (You use)
• Il/Elle/On emploie (He/She/One uses)
• Nous employons (We use)
• Vous employez (You use)
• Ils/Elles emploient (They use)

These verbs follow a regular pattern, where the -Y changes to -I in the conjugations for je, tu, il/elle/on, ils/elles, but stays as -Y for nous and vous forms.

2. Verbs with E in the Penultimate Syllable (e.g., “acheter” – to buy)

For these verbs, the “e” in the penultimate syllable changes to “è” in all forms except “nous” and “vous.”

Examples:

Acheter (to buy)

• J’achète (I buy)
• Tu achètes (You buy)
• Il/Elle/On achète (He/She/One buys)
• Nous achetons (We buy)
• Vous achetez (You buy)
• Ils/Elles achètent (They buy)

Lever (to lift, to raise)

• Je lève (I lift)
• Tu lèves (You lift)
• Il/Elle/On lève (He/She/One lifts)
• Nous levons (We lift)
• Vous levez (You lift)
• Ils/Elles lèvent (They lift)

Amener (to bring)

• J’amène (I bring)
• Tu amènes (You bring)
• Il/Elle/On amène (He/She/One brings)
• Nous amenons (We bring)
• Vous amenez (You bring)
• Ils/Elles amènent (They bring)

In these verbs, the -E- in the stem changes to -È- in the specified forms to maintain pronunciation consistency and follow standard French spelling conventions.

3. Verbs Ending in -ELER and -ETER (e.g., “appeler” – to call, “jeter” – to throw)

For these verbs, the consonant is doubled in all forms except “nous” and “vous.”

Examples:

Verbs Ending in -ELER

Appeler (to call)

• J’appelle (I call)
• Tu appelles (You call)
• Il/Elle/On appelle (He/She/One calls)
• Nous appelons (We call)
• Vous appelez (You call)
• Ils/Elles appellent (They call)

Rappeler (to remind, to recall)

• Je rappelle (I remind)
• Tu rappelles (You remind)
• Il/Elle/On rappelle (He/She/One reminds)
• Nous rappelons (We remind)
• Vous rappelez (You remind)
• Ils/Elles rappellent (They remind)

Verbs Ending in -ETER

Jeter (to throw)

• Je jette (I throw)
• Tu jettes (You throw)
• Il/Elle/On jette (He/She/One throws)
• Nous jetons (We throw)
• Vous jetez (You throw)
• Ils/Elles jettent (They throw)

Rejeter (to reject)

• Je rejette (I reject)
• Tu rejettes (You reject)
• Il/Elle/On rejette (He/She/One rejects)
• Nous rejetons (We reject)
• Vous rejetez (You reject)
• Ils/Elles rejettent (They reject)

Notes

For some verbs ending in -ETER and -ELER, doubling the consonant does not occur. Instead, they follow a regular pattern where the E in the stem changes to È in the present tense singular forms and third person plural forms. For example:

Examples:

Acheter (to buy)

• J’achète (I buy)
• Tu achètes (You buy)
• Il/Elle/On achète (He/She/One buys)
• Nous achetons (We buy)
• Vous achetez (You buy)
• Ils/Elles achètent (They buy)

Mener (to lead)

• Je mène (I lead)
• Tu mènes (You lead)
• Il/Elle/On mène (He/She/One leads)
• Nous menons (We lead)
• Vous menez (You lead)
• Ils/Elles mènent (They lead)

These variations are important to note for accurate conjugation and proper pronunciation in spoken French.

Explore 15 Common French Verbs That Are Also Nouns to enhance your vocabulary and understand their versatile uses.

What are regular -er verbs in French?

The regular -er verbs are the largest verb family in French language. The name “regular” is attributed to these verbs since they have a predictable structure, thus being the simplest family to master. All verbs within this family end in the -er infinitive suffix (e.g., to speak).

To conjugate these verbs, you need to take out the -er from their stems, for example, the stem of the verb “parler” is “parl”.

Examples:

• Aimer – to like
• Regarder – to watch
• Jouer – to play

It is crucial to learn how to recognize this type of verbs as they account for almost 90% of all French verbs.

How Do Verbs Change?

Verbs in French are modular. No need to study many words, but simply learn the construction method:

1. The Stem: Remove the ending from the verb (such as -er, -ir, or -re). This forms the “Meaning Brick”.
2. The Ending: Choose the appropriate “Lego brick” for the subject (such as -ons for “we”).

For instance: Parler (to speak) : Parl- + -ons = Parlons.

Bonus: Since 90% of verbs follow the rules, knowing only three groups of endings lets you construct sentences right away.

Present Tense Pattern

In order to create the present tense pattern, all that needs to be done is to remove the last letters (such as er) and put new, specific endings depending on the person:

Je/ Il/ Elle (I/He/She) : e

Tu (You) : es

Nous/ Vous (We/You) : ons/ez

Silent Endings

One of the best tricks in order to sound like a native is the knowledge of the fact that “–e, -es, -ent” are generally silent. “Je parle” sounds exactly the same as “Ils parlent!”

A Look at the Past

For the past tense form, called passé composé, one will need to change the verb as well: add a helping verb and use –é as the ending instead.

Focus on the pattern, and the language starts to feel like solving a puzzle instead of a list.

Practice Quiz

Test your knowledge of -er verb conjugation in French through this quiz. You need to determine what is the stem of the verb and match it with the appropriate suffixes for the indicated subject.

• Conjugate the verb aimer for the subject je.
• Conjugate the verb regarder for the subject elle.
• Conjugate the verb travailler for the subject ils.
• Conjugate the verb habiter for the subject tu.
• Conjugate the verb manger for the subject nous.
• Conjugate the verb commencer for the subject nous.

Conclusion

Mastering regular -ER verbs is crucial for French language proficiency, as they form the largest verb group and follow consistent conjugation patterns. This foundational knowledge enables effective communication and boosts confidence. Regular practice and exploration of verb conjugations, including exceptions, enhance fluency and understanding. Embrace continuous learning to unlock more complex language structures and achieve greater conversational ease in French.

To learn more about such grammar topics, check out our blog page.

Frequently Asked Questions 

1. How many regular -i verbs are there in French? 

There are approximately 50 regular -IR verbs in French. These verbs follow consistent conjugation patterns, making them essential for learners to master for effective communication and understanding of French grammar.

2. What are the most common regular -re verbs in French? 

In French, regular -RE verbs form a small yet essential category of verbs. Some of the most common regular -RE verbs include:

• attendre (to wait)
• défendre (to defend)
• descendre (to descend)
• entendre (to hear)
• étendre (to stretch)
• fondre (to melt)
• pendre (to hang)
• perdre (to lose)
• prétendre (to claim)
• rendre (to give back)

3. What are the 4 main French verbs? 

The four main French verbs are être (to be), avoir (to have), aller (to go), and faire (to do/make). These verbs are essential due to their high frequency and use as auxiliaries in compound tenses​ 

4. What are the 14 irregular verbs in French? 

In French, learners should familiarise themselves with 14 commonly recognized irregular verbs due to their frequent use and irregular conjugation patterns. These verbs include:

1. Être (to be)
2. Avoir (to have)
3. Aller (to go)
4. Faire (to do/make)
5. Pouvoir (to be able to/can)
6. Vouloir (to want)
7. Savoir (to know)
8. Venir (to come)
9. Voir (to see)
10. Devoir (to have to/must)
11. Prendre (to take)
12. Mettre (to put)
13. Dire (to say/tell)
14. Tenir (to hold)